蘋果果膠是存在於蘋果皮下與果肉中的纖維,是一種可溶性纖維,含高D-半乳糖醛酸,具强力粘性和吸附性、是天然螯合功能的成份 …了解更多
科研報告顯示出,果膠通過自然螯合作用有效地將體內的重金屬排出。
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)擁有 「推遲胃部排空」特質,進入腸胃後吸收水份形成凝膠狀。當與其他食物混合後,能於胃部停留更長時間,減緩食物從胃至腸道的行進速度 …了解更多
科研報告指出,果膠可以有效地幫助控制血糖水平和胰島素水平。 因為可以使用最近發表的高質量的證據系統評價,所以我們提供了這些證據以及一些研究報告。
降低膽固醇
柏沛樂蘋果果膠作為水溶性纖維,能與結腸中與膽汁酸結合,當膽汁酸減少,並增加了膽汁酸對膽固醇的合成,從而降低了血液中的膽固醇。
降低血壓
血液中的膽固醇降低,使LDL膽固醇的產生亦減少,避免沉積動脈壁上,易被氧化而產生阻塞性斑塊的機會下降,預防造成動脈粥樣硬化,從而改善血壓水平
科研報告指出,果膠可有效地增加膽固醇中膽汁酸的合成,從而降低血液中膽固醇的濃度。 降低血液中的膽固醇可降低LDL膽固醇的產生,預防動脈粥樣硬化並改善血壓水平
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)是益生元,能激活腸道益生菌增殖,幫助製造維生素及分解食物,抑制有害細菌的生長,增強人體免疫力 …了解更多
科研報告指出,果膠可以有效改善腸道的整體健康狀況,例如便秘和腹瀉。 還有科學證據表明,果膠可以促進胃排空,這可能與體重控制和消化有關。 當蘋果果膠被大腸中的細菌轉化為丁酸時,它可以消除體內的炎症。
Clinical studies have shown that type III collagen and Tricholoma matsutake can effectively have a powerful function of promoting immune function and heart health…Read More
The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China…Read More
Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and…Read More
Tricholoma matsutake can be used as a functional food to help prevent…Read More
To investigate the anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immune activities of…Read More
Clinical studies have shown that type II collagen and amino acid calcium chelator can effectively relieve or reduce pain, increase joint flexibility and reduce joint…Read More
The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China…Read More
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and bioavailability of….Read More
Oral administration of cartilage-derived type II collagen (CII) has been shown…Read More
CCII is effective in the treatment of RA and is safe for human consumption…Read More
The aim of this study was to determine the ability of undenatured native chicken…Read More
This was the first clinical trial of 24-weeks duration to show improvement of…Read More
Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers…Read More
The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides…Read More
Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training…Read More
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of…Read More
Collagen peptides improve knee osteoarthritis in elderly women…Read More
Collagen peptides improve knee osteoarthritis in elderly women
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Showed that the oral intake of collagen peptides (Peptan®) for a duration of 6 months significantly reduces joint pain and improves physical mobility as assessed by two well-established scoring systems (WOMAC and Lysholm score).
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
At 3 months of treatment, a small but already highly significant effect was visible which developed into a pronounced and highly significant improvement of knee osteoarthritis after 6 months of treatment with collagen peptides.
The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral native type II collagen treatment on the symptoms and biological markers of cartilage degradation, when given concomitantly with acetaminophen in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
All in all, these results suggest that native type II collagen treatment combined with acetaminophen is superior to only acetaminophen for symptomatic treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
In both the groups, a statistically significant increase in FFM and a significant loss in fat mass (FM) could be observed after 3 months. Moreover, muscle strength and sensory motor control (SMC) improved significantly in both the groups. Moreover, data for bone mass (BM) revealed a statistically significant increase in both the groups at the end of the study.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Moreover, the study has demonstrated that the combination of resistance exercise and collagen peptide supplementation resulted in a more pronounced improvement of body composition, as indicated by a significant increase in muscle mass and decrease in FM, compared with placebo. In addition, muscular strength was significantly improved after collagen peptide intake compared with the training programme plus placebo.
The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides in young adults with functional knee problems led to a statistically significant improvement of activity-related joint pain.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The current study on young, physically active individuals demonstrated that the daily intake of 5 g of collagen peptides led to a statistically significant reduction in activity-related knee joint pain after a 12 week treatment compared with placebo.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
The improvement on joint discomfort was also accompanied by a statistically significantly reduced need for additional therapies such as physiotherapy or ice packs.
Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
These data demonstrate that the intake of specific collagen peptides (SCP) increased BMD in postmenopausal women with primary, age-related reduction of bone mineral density (BMD). Specific collagen peptides (SCP) supplementation was associated with a favorable shift in bone markers, indicating increased bone formation and reduced bone degradation.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
In the specific collagen peptides (SCP) group (n = 66), bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and of the femoral neck increased significantly compared to the control group (n = 65) (T-score spine: SCP +0.1 ± 0.26; CG -0.03 ± 0.18; ANCOVA p = 0.030
This was the first clinical trial of 24-weeks duration to show improvement of joint pain in athletes who were treated with the dietary supplement collagen hydrolysate.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The results of this study have implications for the use of collagen hydrolysate to support joint health and possibly reduce the risk of joint deterioration in a high-risk group.
The results suggest that athletes consuming collagen hydrolysate can reduce parameters (such as pain) that have a negative impact on athletic performance.
The aim of this study was to determine the ability of undenatured native chicken type II collagen (UC-II) to prevent excessive articular cartilage deterioration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA).
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Study results demonstrate that a clinically relevant daily dose of UC-II when applied immediately after injury can improve the mechanical function of the injured knee and prevent excessive deterioration of articular cartilage.
CCII is effective in the treatment of RA and is safe for human consumption.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
CCII exerts its beneficial effects by controlling inflammatory responses through inducing oral tolerance in RA patients.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
There were decreases in pain, morning stiffness, tender joint count, swollen joint count, HAQ, and assessments by investigator and patient, and all differences were statistically significant.
Link: https://www.medpagetoday.com/upload/2009/12/3/ar2870.pdf
Oral administration of cartilage-derived type II collagen (CII) has been shown to ameliorate arthritis in animal models of joint inflammation, and preliminary studies have suggested that this novel therapy is clinically beneficial and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The efficacy seen with the lowest dosage is consistent with the findings of animal studies and with known mechanisms of oral tolerance in which lower doses of orally administered autoantigens preferentially induce disease-suppressing regulatory cells.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and bioavailability of calcium lysinate in comparison to other calcium supplements in improving the bone mineral density (BMD) status in osteopenia patients.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The relative oral bioavailability of calcium lysinate was 223.15%. There is a significant improvement in the T-score of BMD in all the groups. It was more significant in calcium lysinate group.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Many forms of dietary calcium supplements are widely available in market, but products containing calcium citrate and calcium carbonate are the most common. Calcium lysinate, a new form of calcium preparation, may have a better absorption and can be a better calcium supplement.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
The high oral bioavailability of calcium lysinate, high percentage of calcium content, and a good clinical improvement in the BMD T-scores of osteopenia patients suggest that calcium lysinate will serve as a better dietary calcium supplement.
The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China. Traditionally, the use of dried crocodile meat is an important therapeutic regimen in the treatment of asthma. The combination regimen including crocodile egg protein extract, ginseng and G. lucidumis commonly used to boost the immune response.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The combination of crocodile egg extract (33%), wild radix ginseng (34%) and natural G. lucidum(33%) (CGG extract)has been suggested for individuals with poor immunity, deteriorating health, illness due to accumulated hard work, blood deficiency, physical enervation and fatigued patients especially after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and operation
Link: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/610a/bf5e43771ab5c3d5b26297670d3bd92c15b2.pdf
Clinical studies have shown that type II collagen and amino acid calcium chelator can effectively relieve or reduce pain, increase joint flexibility and reduce joint degeneration, especially the use of crocodile protein extracts that can greatly enhance joint immunity. Crocodile contains a strong casualty self-healing active factor in its body.
To investigate the anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immune activities of a novel polysaccharide (TMP-A) isolated from Tricholoma matsutake.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The results obtained in the present study indicate that the purification polysaccharide of Tricholoma matsutake is a potential source of natural broad-spectrum, anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immunomodulation.
Tricholoma matsutake can be used as a functional food to help prevent hypertension- associated diseases. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an IC50 of 0.40 μM was purified from the Tricholoma matsutakei extract and designated as TMP.
A short-term assay of antihypertensive activity demonstrated that TMP at the dosage of 25 mg/kg could significantly lower the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs. Antihypertensive action of the purified ACE inhibitory peptide from T. matsutake
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Antioxidant property (free radical scavenging activity) of ACE inhibitory peptide from T. matsutake
Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and in hemostasis.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Thus the degree of flexibility of the collagen III fibril afforded by the confluence of atypical amino acid triplets may be modulated by the fibril’s extent of crosslinking and may vary, from highly flexible in young organisms or early in wound healing, to less flexible with the more highly cross-linked protein with ageing or later in scar formation.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Similarities enable collagen III and I to assemble in register to produce heterofibrils and carry out common biologic functions. They also enable collagen III to be replaced by collagen I in embryogenesis and wound healing. Yet, a major difference between collagen I and III identified here relates to the potential for greater flexibility of collagen III, which makes it an ideal structural component of embryonic tissues, early wound healing, and distensible organs in the adult (vasculature, uterus, small bowel).
The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China. Traditionally, the use of dried crocodile meat is an important therapeutic regimen in the treatment of asthma. The combination regimen including crocodile egg protein extract, ginseng and G. lucidumis commonly used to boost the immune response.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The combination of crocodile egg extract (33%), wild radix ginseng (34%) and natural G. lucidum(33%) (CGG extract)has been suggested for individuals with poor immunity, deteriorating health, illness due to accumulated hard work, blood deficiency, physical enervation and fatigued patients especially after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and operation
Link: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/610a/bf5e43771ab5c3d5b26297670d3bd92c15b2.pdf
Clinical studies have shown that type III collagen and Tricholoma matsutake can effectively have a powerful function of promoting immune function and heart health, especially the use of crocodile protein extracts. Crocodile contains a strong casualty self-healing active factor in its body.
Emerging evidence demonstrates that histone acetylation regulates neurotrophins; therefore, a potential molecular intervention against cognitive impairment in bacterial meningitis may be the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, sodium butyrate, which stimulates the acetylation of histones and increases BDNF expression.
IMPORTANT FINDING:
Sodium butyrate was able to prevent memory impairment and re-establish hippocampal neurotrophin expression in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.
Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12035-014-8914-3#article-info
Increasing evidence suggests that neurotrophic factors may be an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective and progressive death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are a class of potentially neuroprotective compounds that have restorative effects on DA neurons.
In addition, neurotrophic factors have also been implicated for the treatment of mood disorders. Chronic antidepressant treatment in animal models has been shown to induce both the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activation of its receptor signaling pathways, which are critical for antidepressant efficacy.
One of the major functions of astrocytes is the production of a host of neurotrophic factors, including GDNF and BDNF, which support neuronal development, plasticity and survival. Exogenous GDNF and BDNF prominently protect DA neurons from both natural and induced cell death. Moreover, decreased production of neurotrophic factors including BDNF have been implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
To investigate the role of HDAC inhibition in dopaminergic (DA) neuroprotection, sodium butyrate (SB) and TSA were tested in neuron-glia cultures in the presence and absence of the DA neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Recently, it was also reported that SB induces antidepressant-like effects in mice following chronic administration. In the present study, we show for the first time that HDAC inhibitors (e.g. sodium butyrate) induce BDNF and GDNF production in astrocyte cultures, suggesting that histone acetylation also regulates BDNF and GDNF expression in astrocytes.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Present study demonstrated that sodium butyrate (SB) which is HDAC inhibitor structurally similar to valproic acid (VPA) promote dopaminergic (DA) neuronal survival and protect DA neurons from MPP+ in neuron-glia cultures.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
In addition, optimal concentrations of sodium butyrate (SB), VPA and TSA for inducing the neurotrophic and protective effects on DA neurons were shown to induce significant increases in GDNF and BDNF mRNA in enriched astrocytes
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Taken together, this study indicates that HDAC inhibition (e.g. sodium butyrate) regulates the expression of growth factors from and the neuroprotective characteristics of astrocytes.
Chronic lung disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis, all exhibit a component of intestinal disease manifestation (1–3). In addition, respiratory viral infections are often accompanied by intestinal symptoms (4, 5).It has also been shown that the intestinal microenvironment changes in the course of several different lung diseases, including shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota (6–8). This indicates that there is a vital cross-talk between these two mucosal sites of the human body. In this review, we discuss the changes in intestinal microbial composition associated with respiratory disease. We also highlight factors that shape the intestinal microbiota and their impact on pulmonary health and disease.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Changes in the composition of the intestinal and airway microbiota are associated with chronic lung disorders and respiratory infections. The modifications observed in these two microbial compartments seem to overlap, at least partly, and factors including diet have recently been shown to not only shape the intestinal microbiota, but also impact upon the airway microbiota.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Moreover, these diet-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome were found to be beneficial within the context of asthma (28). Clearly, there is an important cross-talk between the two compartments
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
In recent years, it has become more evident that the intestine can play a critical role in directing immune responses outside the local environment, including the lung. This may be achieved by the systemic dissemination of metabolites, as has been shown for SCFAs. These metabolites are produced in the colon, but can reach other organs via the bloodstream, where they can exert their anti-inflammatory properties. Another possibility would be direct seeding of bacteria from the intestinal microbiota into the airways. These bacteria could then act on local immune cells to shape their responses
Link: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-133AW
Burn injury is an important global healthcare problem. The lungs are frequently the first organs to fail after burns, and ALI always develops in major burn patients, even in the absence of inhalation injury and infection. Moreover, impairment of pulmonary functions, such as inflammatory response and severe hypoxemia, damages other organs and tissues and, thus, contributes to the progressive development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In the present study, we found that in vivo sodium butyrate administration inhibited pulmonary HMGB1 expression, decreased the lung W/D ratio, reduced the pulmonary histologic scores, and improved the pathologic changes.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Treatment with sodium butyrate, an HMGB1 inhibitor, decreased the TNF-α and IL-8 concentrations both in the BALF and in the serum, and attenuated burn-mediated lung injury.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
In the current study, pulmonary MPO activity was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration into lung tissues. As a result, MPO activity was significantly increased after severe burn injury, which was abolished by the administration of sodium butyrate. These findings suggest that sodium butyrate lessen the infiltration of neutrophils into pulmonary tissues, which are attributed to the prevention of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-8 productions.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
The present study, the cellular injury caused by the release of ROS because of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress was estimated in terms of the MDA concentrations in lung homogenates of rats subjected to burn injury and delayed resuscitation. We found that the MDA concentration in the lung tissues increased significantly after severe burn and delayed resuscitation, which was evidently reduced by sodium butyrate treatment.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
In summary, sodium butyrate attenuates inflammatory responses, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress in the lungs, and protects against remote ALI induced by severe burn, which is associated with inhibiting HMGB1 expression.
Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068786
The cells orchestrate allergic lung inflammation by promoting recruitment and activation of eosinophils and mast cells, and by stimulating epithelial mucus production, which is known to be mainly dependent on IL-9. These cells share developmental pathways with induced regulatory T cells that may determine the generation of one over the other subset. In fact, the FOXP3 transcription factor has been shown to bind il9 locus and repress IL-9 production. The microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate have been described as FOXP3 inducers and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
SCFAs(Butyrate) would have a protective role in lung inflammation by negatively modulating differentiation and function of Th9 cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate is more effective than propionate in promoting FOXP3 expression and IL-9 repression.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Butyrate treatment attenuated lung inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice, which presented lower frequency of lung-infiltrated Th9 cells and eosinophils. Both Th9 cell adoptive transfer and IL-9 treatment restored lung inflammation in butyrate-treated OVA-challenged mice, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may rely on suppressing Th9-mediated immune responses
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Butyrate treatment attenuates lung inflammation by negatively modulating Th9 cells
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
Microbiota metabolism of dietary fibers and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) has been considered a major mechanism by which microorganisms control airway inflammation.
IMPORTANT FINDING 5:
SCFAs directly modulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Tregs by promoting FOXP3 expression, which has been shown to impair IL-9 production.
IMPORTANT FINDING 6: Our findings bring new insights on the mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites regulate diseases, suggesting that butyrate attenuates lung inflammation most likely through a negative modulation of Th9 cell-mediated immune responses.
Extensive research supports a protective effect of a high-fiber diet in certain disease states The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) contain spirometry measures and dietary intake information, allowing assesses the association between fiber intake and measures of lung function in a representative sample of U.S. adults.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
In the categorical analysis, higher fiber intake was associated with a higher percentage of those with normal lung function (P = 0.001) and a significant decline in the proportion of participants with airflow restriction (P = 0.001)
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Low fiber intake was associated with reduced measures of lung function. A diet rich in fiber-containing foods may play a role in improving lung health.
The intestine is a critical site of immune cell development that not only controls intestinal immunity but extra-intestinal immunity as well. Recent findings have highlighted important roles for gut microbiota in shaping lung inflammation. Here, we discuss interactions between the microbiota and immune system including T cells, protective effects of microbiota on lung infections, the role of diet in shaping the composition of gut micro-biota and susceptibility to asthma, epidemiologic evidence implicating antibiotic use and microbiota in asthma and clinical trials investigating probiotics as potential treatments for atopy and asthma. The systemic effects of gut microbiota are partially attributed to their generating metabolites including short chain fatty acids, which can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors.
In this review, we introduce the role of gut microbiota on intestinal immunity and lung infections, highlight human evidence supporting protective roles for the gut micro-biome in asthma, discuss dietary factors that may contribute to disease and review mechanistic data from pre-clinical animal models on how gut microbes regulate lung inflammation.
For instance, GPR41 and GPR43 have been shown to inhibit immune cell recruitment to the intestine and lungs.
Gut bacteria help to protect against pathogenic infections through competition, antimicrobial peptide secretion, innate immune cell stimulation, lymphoid tissue development, antibody production and T cell differentiation
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Overall, these findings demonstrate a critical role for gut microbes in pulmonary host defense, and suggest that tonic signaling of pattern recognition receptors by microbial products in the steady state may also contribute to chronic lower respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Findings suggest that dietary-induced changes in microbiota regulate lung inflammation. Protection in this model was associated with increased colonic Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, suggesting that a high fiber diet may mitigate airway inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Microbial changes induced by a high fiber diet increase serum levels of SCFAs (e.g. butyrate), resulting in the suppression of AAI.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
A diverse gut microbiota helps to suppress AAI, and age-sensitive contact with microbiota may be critical for establishing NKT tolerance to later environmental expo
IMPORTANT FINDING 5:
Colonization with fewer bacteria species during the first month of life was found to correlate with an asthma diagnosis at age 7. Microbial colonization during a developmental window early in life protects against childhood asthma.
IMPORTANT FINDING 6:
Our gut microbiota is part of a complex ecosystem that regulates systemic inflammation in addition to other vital processes
IMPORTANT FINDING 7:
The increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes species in response to high fiber diets will increase the production of SCFAs that suppress inflammation by activating GPR40–4
In this review, we will focus on the short chain fatty acid (SCFA), butyrate, which is most commonly produced by bacteria in the colon, and its role as a potential therapeutic for neurological diseases. Butyrate is an attractive therapeutic molecule because of its wide array of biological functions, such as its ability to serve as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, an energy metabolite to produce ATP and a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activator. Pharmacologically, butyrate has had a profoundly beneficial effect on brain disorders ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to psychological disorders. In this review, we will discuss how butyrate is made and the pharmacological effects of butyrate in neurological disorders. Finally, we will summarize the current evidence that high fiber, butyrate-producing diets are capable of improving the health of our brains.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Butyrate is multi-functional molecule that has significant potential as a therapeutic for the brain, both in its pharmacologic and dietary form.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
The dietary sources of butyrate through a high fiber diet or a diet rich in natural sources of butyrate is a highly appealing approach, as it presents a simple and relatively low risk method to potentially improve outcomes in patients with brain disorders
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Pharmacologically, butyrate is capable of targeting many pathways with multiple mechanisms of action that are disease specific.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
Several studies have examined the beneficial effects of a high fiber diet on memory and cognition. In these studies the diet and/or microbiome are manipulated to enhance brain function. For example, children on a high fiber diet demonstrate better cognitive control (e.g. multitasking, working memory and maintaining focus) than children who typically ate a lower fiber diet
Link : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4903954/
Carcinogen
Fiber (e.g. Pectin) is the primary dietary component of whole plant foods associated with promoting a healthy colonic microbiota which aids in reducing tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses insusceptible individuals.
The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber(e.g. pectin). Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote health.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
The 2007 and 2011World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reports showed convincing meta-analyses evidence that fiber, fruit and vegetables are inversely associated with CRC risk
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
he Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (27,931 participants) observed high intakes of total fiber, and fruits and berries significantly lowered risk for colon cancer by approximately 30%compared to no lowering effects for vegetables and fiber rich cereals, which is consistent with a2018 systematic review and meta-analysis (25 observational studies) observation that higher total fiber intake reduced colon cancer risk by 26% (p = 0.000)
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Meta-analysis of 20 observational studies2 and another meta-analysis of 5 cohort and 17 case-control studies showed that each 10-g fruit fiber and high fruit intake reduced adenoma risk by 21% compared to a reduced risk of 9% for vegetables.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
Fiber is the primary dietary component of whole plant foods associated with promoting a healthy colonic microbiota which aids in reducing tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses insusceptible individuals
Psychological / Emotions / Depression
SCFAs such as butyrate and propionate directly affect brain physiology and behavior by acting on microglial cells and astrocytes to promote anti-inflammatory action and manage overall brain maintenance by scavenging for damaged or unnecessary neurons and synapses, and infectious agents.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Emerging evidence suggests that higher daily intake of fiber-rich fruit and vegetable servings are associated with lower incidences of anxiety, greater happiness, higher life satisfaction, and greater social-emotional well-being.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Emerging observational studies suggest that higher fruit and fiber intake are associated with lower risk of depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
A NHANES study of 2007 to 2014 data (16,807 adults) observed that total, vegetable, and fruit fiber intakes were significantly associated with an approximately 40% lower risk of depressive symptoms, whereas the association of cereal fiber intake with depressive symptoms was insignificant with a 10% lower risk
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Increased fruit fiber such as pectin intake has been suggested to correct gastrointestinal abnormality and promote microbial health to potentially enhance gut-brain communication and potentially reduce the ASD symptoms.
A 2018 intervention trial (41autistic children; 75% male; mean age 8 years old; 6 weeks) showed that supplementation of the diet with a prebiotic resulted in significant improvement in anti-social behavior and gastrointestinal and microbiota health relative to baseline diets
Bone
Adequate intake of whole fruit and fruit fiber has been associated with increased bone mineral density, especially the attainment of peak bone mass during adolescence and minimized bone resorption among postmenopausal women.
Diets rich in prebiotic fiber such as fruit pectin can improve calcium absorption and inhibit osteoclast bone resorption, while maintaining osteoblast bone formation activity.
Specifically, three mechanisms are occurring:
(1) Calcium is an important component of fruit cell walls for structure and function and the fermentation of fiber in the colon releases bound calcium for absorption
(2) Fiber fermentation SCFA (Butyrate) metabolites propionate and butyrate induce metabolic reprogramming of osteoclasts by down regulating critical osteoclast genes.
(3) Increased SCFAs (Butyrate) lower colonic pH to enhance calcium absorption
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
A 2018 Framingham Offspring Study (792 men, mean age 58 years; 1065women; mean age 57 years; 8 years follow-up) observed significantly reduced annualized loss of femoral neck bone mineral density (predictive of hip fracture risk) per 5 g/day total fiber by 0.06% or fruit fiber by 0.04%.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
A 2012 Chinese cross-sectional study (adolescent boys and girls, young women and postmenopausal women) observed that there was a significant positive association between higher fruit intake and bone mineral density for all participants combined (p-trend <0.001 to 0.002) in total body and lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck regions vs. lower fruit intake
Skin
Since colonic microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with chronic inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic3 dermatitis and psoriasis.
IMPORTANT FINDING :
The beneficial effect of increased fruit intake on seborrheic dermatitis may be partially due to the prebiotic effects of fruit fibers such as pectin, which promote a healthy colonic microbiota associated with lower systemic inflammation and better immune function
Aging
Successful aging is associated with being free of excessive progressive deterioration of physical and mental functions and chronic disease; having good mental, physical and respiratory health, and functional independence.
Emerging fiber mechanisms associated with successful aging include:
(1) Enhancing the colonic probiotic microflora profile and production of SCFAs;
(2) Improving the colonic barrier function to protect against clinical inflammation
(3) Increasing colonic peptides that are important in glucose and insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism
(4) Mimicking many of the effects of caloric restriction including up regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
A 2018 NHANES analysis (5674 adults) found that fiber intake of 10 g per 1000 kcal increased leukocyte telomere length by 67 base pairs (p = 0.01), which reduced biologic (cellular)aging by 4.3 years compared to the low fiber Western diets of 6.6 g fiber per 1000 kcal.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
The Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort study observed that the intake of whole fruit up-regulated epigenetic gene function for immunosurveillance, and chromosome and telomere maintenance pathways, attributed to the effects of fruit fiber on colonic microbiota health.
Lung
Adequate fruit fiber (e.g. Pectin) intake promotes healthy lung immune function via the colonic microbiota-liver-lung axis, which affects systemic inflammatory cytokines and immune mediators (notably, IL-6 and CRP)
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
A meta-analysis (2 RCTs; 249children; age range 2–5 years) found that prebiotic fiber reduced the risk of asthma or wheezing by63% when compared to the control group [309]. Adequate intake of whole fruits is associated with reduced severity of asthma in children and adults through fruit fiber effects linked to a healthier colonic microbiome that actively suppresses the severity of airway inflammatory restrictions.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
A 2016 NHANES analysis (1921 adults) observed that participants with higher fiber intake had healthier mean forced expiratory volume by 82 mL/s and forced vital capacity by 129 mL/s, than those with lower fiber intake (p = 0.05 and 0.01), which is consistent with the consumption of higher vs. lower fruit intake
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Fruit fiber reduced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) risk in smokers by 35% (p-trend = 0.001) and in ex-smokers by 23% (p-trend = 0.17).
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
Adequate fruit fiber intake promotes healthy lung immune function via the colonic microbiota-liver-lung axis, which affects systemic inflammatory cytokines and immune mediators (notably, IL-6 and CRP).
IMPORTANT FINDING 5:
A 2018 meta-analysis showed that higher fruit intake was associated with increased colonic microbiota SCFAs levels which suppressed asthma airway restrictions by helping to lower levels of CRP, TNF-α, and mast cell, and increasing γδ-T cell and T cell numbers.;
IMPORTANT FINDING 6:
Individuals with severe persistent asthma often have a high adherence to the Western diet and consume significantly less fruit fiber compared to healthy controls, which is partly associated with the increased colonic microbiota dysbiosis and lung axis effects associated with increased airway inflammation and adverse immune response reducing breathing capacity of the lungs.
Link: https://propectinlife.comwp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf
科研報告指出,果膠可以通過大腸中的細菌轉化為丁酸酯,從而可以有效消除體內的炎症,例如濕疹,關節炎等。
丁酸鹽通過血液到達其他器官,最有可能通過調節免疫反應來減輕肺部炎症,從而發揮抗炎作用。
此外,丁酸鹽可通過抑制腦星形膠質細胞分泌HDAC來刺激BDNF和GDNF的釋放,從而促進大腦健康。
消除炎症,平衡免疫 (HDAC抑製劑)
蘋果果膠被大腸的細菌轉化成丁酸鹽,抑制大腦星形細胞分泌組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC), 擔當組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑(HDAC抑制劑)
(I) HDAC抑製劑可誘導癌細胞週期停滯,分化和細胞死亡,減少癌/ 腫瘤細胞生長,調節免疫反應。
(II) 另外,抑制腦中HDAC的活性,加強記憶力
(III) 丁酸鹽降低炎症趨化因子,具抗炎作用,有效預防及改善炎症帶來的問題 (如濕疹、類風濕性關節炎、紅斑狼瘡症、痛風尿酸、血管發炎、糖尿)。
(IV)腸是免疫細 胞發育的關鍵部位,不僅控制腸的免疫力,而且還控制腸外的免疫力。最近的發現,突出了腸道菌群在塑造肺部炎症中的重要作用。腸道細菌通過競爭,抗菌肽分泌,先天免疫細胞刺激,淋巴組織發育,抗體產生和T細胞分化來幫助預防病原體感染。
丁酸鹽可以通過血液到達肺部,經調節免疫反應,減輕肺部炎症。
提升記憶力、專注力(BDNF)
蘋果果膠被大腸的細菌轉化成丁酸鹽,抑制大腦星形細胞分泌組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC), 剌激釋放出腦衍生神經營養因子(BDNF),增加腦中健康神經元的生長和分化,有助維持腦部細胞健康和生長, 並有效提升記憶力、學習力、專注力
預防腦部疾病及肌肉神經支配能力(GDNF)
蘋果果膠被大腸的細菌轉化成丁酸鹽,抑制大腦星形細胞分泌組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC),剌激釋放出膠質細胞衍生神經營養因子(GDNF),從而保護多巴胺能和運動神經元免受損害,有效預防因小腦萎縮造成的健康問題(如柏金遜症、老人痴呆症),改善肌肉及運動協調能力
To evaluate the efficacy of pectin, a kind of soluble dietary fiber, in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Patients randomized Pectin experienced a greater reduction in composite symptom scores and Bristol stool scale scores, as well as significant improvement in QOL scores (P<0.05).
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
The pectin acted as prebiotics and significantly enhanced faecal bifidobacteria and decreased total Clostridium sp (P<0.05). At baseline, patients with IBS-D demonstrated an abnormal IL-10/IL-12 ratio, which was normalized by pectin feeding alone (P<0.01).
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Pectin acts as a prebiotic in specifically stimulating gut bifidobacteria in IBS-D patients and is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, balancing colonic microflora and relieving systemic inflammation. In view of its ability to re-establish a healthy gut ecosystem, pectin has the potential of being a therapeutic agent in IBS-D.
The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber(e.g. pectin). Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote health.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
A RCT (80 Chinese adults with slow-transit constipation) found that pectin significantly reduced mean constipation score and increased the population of colonic healthy microflora. The viscous, low to moderate fermentable soluble fiber in whole fruits can effectively relieve constipation symptoms.
Although short chain highly fermentable prebiotic supplements should be restricted to avoid the risk of a rapid increase in gas, bloating/distension, and abdominal pain/discomfort, the consumption of long-chain or complex, soluble and more slowly fermentable, butyrate producing fibers, such as fruit pectin may have a role in helping to control IBS symptoms
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Increased butyrate levels are used as the main energy source by colonocytes to maintain the colonic protective barrier and in lowering colonic luminal pH to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Overall, these studies find that fruit fiber, especially pectin, can help re-balance the colonic microbiota towards a higher anti-inflammatory profile.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
Increasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium cluster XIV, resulting in enhanced colonic mucosal barrier integrity and function, increased mucosal immunity, increased butyrate production, and a decrease in enteric pathogens
IMPORTANT FINDING 5:
Supporting certain Faecali bacterium prausnitzii strains in utilizing the fermentation of pectin to exert anti-inflammatory effects [31,32,33,43,44,45,46,47,48]. Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote a healthy, anti-inflammatory colonic microbiota ecosystem with greater microflora diversity than inulin.
IMPORTANT FINDING 6:
A Chinese RCT (IBS diarrhea) found that pectin significantly increased Bifidobacteria; Crohn’s Disease (CD) decreased total Clostridium sp (p < 0.05), reduced IBS symptoms, normalized cytokine levels, and improved Bristol stool scale score and quality of life assessments.
IMPORTANT FINDING 7:
The adequate intake of prebiotic fiber can increase colonic butyrate to levels needed to maintain the mucosal barrier function to protect against IBD inflammatory pathogenesis
IMPORTANT FINDING 8:
A 2018 systematic review concluded that the intake of adequate fiber after an acute episode of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease can reduce the risk of future flare-ups. Adequate fruit and fiber intake appear to be effective in reducing diverticular disease risk and flare-ups or complications including hospitalizations.
IMPORTANT FINDING 9:
The Insulin Resistance and 2BMIBMI Fruits and Vegetables Fiber-Rich Diets Atherosclerosis Family Study (339 African American adults and 775 Hispanic American adults; 5-years) observed that each 10 g increase in soluble fiber decreased the accumulation of visceral fat issue by 3.7%.
IMPORTANT FINDING 10:
Systematic review of 14 prospective cohort, case-control and randomized trials found that fiber-rich foods, especially low in energy density, protect against long-term increased weight and waist circumference gain.
IMPORTANT FINDING 11:
An EPIC study (48,631 men and women; 5.5 years) observed that an increased level of fiber intake predicted significantly lowered visceral fat, as measured by waist circumference for a given BMI (WC), in women. In this study each 10 g increase in fiber intake was associated with a lower WC in women by 0.06 cm and in men by 0.01 cm.
IMPORTANT FINDING 12:
An Australian RCT (72 obese subjects; 12-week duration) showed those consuming 31 g fiber significantly reduced body weight, BMI and % body fat compared to a 20-g fiber/day control.
IMPORTANT FINDING 13:
These RCTs support that consumption of fiber-rich diets (>28 g fiber/day) can lead to weight loss and improved body composition compared to a low fiber Western diet (≤ approx. 20 g fiber/day).
IMPORTANT FINDING 14:
2018 review article concluded that higher fiber diets tend to be associated with a healthier microbiome (e.g., microflora richness and biodiversity, and higher SCFAs production), which are associated with a lower risk of obesity. Acetate is considered moderately obesogenic, whereas butyrate and propionate are mainly anti-obesogenic.
IMPORTANT FINDING 15:
Also, experimental studies suggest that butyrate may affect energy metabolism indirectly, acting through the gut-brain axis by crossing the blood-brain barrier and activating the vagus2
Energy Density (ED) Satiety and Energy Intake nerve and hypothalamus to affect appetite and energy intake.
IMPORTANT FINDING 16:
A systematic review of RCTs on satiety, acute energy intake, total energy intake and body weight found that more viscous or gelling fibers (e.g., pectins, β-glucans and guar gum) reduced appetite more often than less viscous fibers (59% vs. 14%) and lowered acute energy intake (69% vs.30%).
IMPORTANT FINDING 17:
Pectin, RCTs show that ≥5 g of fruit pectin added to orange juice significantly increased satiety and reduced ice cream intake 4 h later (p < 0.001), and 10 g pectin modestly but significantly lowered hunger, increased fullness, and reduced energy intake by 5.6% (p = 0.012)compared with the 10 g gelatin and starch control.
IMPORTANT FINDING 18:
The intake of greater than 5 g of fruit fiber from cell wall components or resistant starch can help to increase satiety, and reduce hunger and energy intake in a subsequent meal.
IMPORTANT FINDING 19:
A 1978 RCT (6 normal healthy male subjects; isocaloric diets; 5 to 8 days) found that fecal macronutrient energy loss on a low-fiber diet was less than half of that observed on a high-fiber diet. The consumption of >25 g fiber/day can lead to the excretion of 3–4% of macronutrient energy in the feces, which is equivalent to 80 kcals in a2000-kcal diet.
Link: https://propectinlife.com/wp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf
Scientific research shows that pectin can effectively improve the overall health of the intestine, such as constipation and diarrhea. There is also scientific evidence that pectin can promote gastric emptying, which may be related to weight control and digestion. When apple pectin is converted to butyrate by bacteria in the large intestine, it can eliminate inflammation in the body.
改善腸道健康
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)是益生元,能激活腸道益生菌增殖,幫助製造維生素及分解食物,抑制有害細菌的生長,增強人體免疫力。
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)擁有 「推遲胃部排空」特質,進入腸胃後吸收水份形成凝膠狀,產生明顯飽腹感,助減少碳水化合物及脂肪吸收,從而減少進食量,達到體重管理。
蘋果果膠被大腸的細菌轉化成丁酸鹽後,能降低體內炎症趨化因子,有效預防及改善炎症帶來的問題 (如濕疹、類風濕性關節炎、紅斑狼瘡症、痛風尿酸)。
改善便秘腸道
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)在結腸吸收水分,增加糞便的體積及重量,使其膨脹。體積較大的糞便會刺激腸道蠕動,令糞便更容易排出。
改善敏感腸道
敏感腸道容易腹瀉,是由於水分未能被結腸吸收,造成腹痛及形成稀便。
服用蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)可增加結腸內水分吸收,有效解決腹瀉問題
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, the major products of dietary fiber fermentation by intestinal microflora, exert beneficial effects on pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether SCFAs from fermentation of pectin (PE), a soluble dietary fiber, prevent the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice.
IMPORTANT FINDING:
Our data suggest that butyrate from PE intestinal fermentation protects mice from the progression of diet-induced atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which dietary fiber may prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
Caco-2 cells were treated with SCFAs to determine whether they affected the expression of genes involved in cholesterol absorption. Incubation of Caco-2 cells with butyrate, but not acetate and propionate, down-regulated the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 but up-regulated the ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5 and G8) at the mRNA level. Butyrate treatment also increased transcriptional activity of liver X receptor in Caco-2 cells.
Viscous fibers typically reduce total cholesterol (TC) by 3–7% in humans. The cholesterol-lowering properties of the viscous fiber pectin may depend on its physico-chemical properties (viscosity, molecular weight (MW) and degree of esterification (DE)).
IMPORTANT FINDING:
Relative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering was as follows: citrus pectin DE-70=apple pectin DE-70 (7–10% reduction versus control)>apple pectin DE-35=citrus pectin DE-35>OPF (orange pulp fiber) DE-70 and low-MW pectin DE-70>citrus DE-0. In a subsequent 3-week trial with 6 g/day pectin, citrus DE-70 and high MW pectin DE-70 reduced LDL-C 6–7% versus control (without changes in TC). In both studies, high DE and high MW were important for cholesterol lowering. Source may also be important as citrus and apple DE-70 pectin were more effective than OPF DE-70 pectin. Pectin did not affect inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) nor plasma homocysteine.
Pectin has been known to lower circulating cholesterol by interacting with bile acid (BA) metabolism.
The fecal excretion of BAs is almost equal to the BAs synthesized in the liver. Therefore, increased excretion of BAs in the feces will promote the conversion from cholesterol to BAs and consequently reduce its release into the systemic circulation.
IMPORTANT FINDING:
In the ileum, pectin increased in-and-out bile acid (BA) transport on the apical membrane by increasing ASBT and MRP2, but it increased the overall BA transport in the cecum by increasing OSTα/β and MRP3.
The elevated cholesterol levels and the imbalance in the level of lipids in the blood is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, some types of diabetes, malignancy, indigestion, obesity and other diseases.
The purpose of the study is to follow the effect of ProPectin on volunteers with different cholesterol levels who take the product for a period of 25 weeks:
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
This study shows that regular intake of apple pectin has a healing effect on the human body.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
In people with disorders in the lipid balance, ProPectin leads to a reduction in overall cholesterol as well as LDL, and it restores the lipid balance.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
For some of the participants in the first group who had hypertension, a reduction in blood pressure was reported by the end of the first month.
Scientific studies have shown that pectin effectively increases the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, and thereby lowering the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. Lower cholesterol in the blood reduces the production of LDL cholesterol, preventing atherosclerosis and improving blood pressure levels.
降低血壓
* 血液中的膽固醇降低,使LDL膽固醇的產生亦減少,避免沉積動脈壁上,易被氧化而產生阻塞性斑塊的機會下降,預防造成動脈粥樣硬化,從而改善血壓水平
降低膽固醇
*柏沛樂蘋果果膠作為水溶性纖維,能與結腸中與膽汁酸結合,當膽汁酸減少,並增加了膽汁酸對膽固醇的合成,從而降低了血液中的膽固醇。
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to pectins and reduction of post-prandial glycemic responses, maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations and increase in satiety leading to a reduction in energy intake
IMPORTANT FINDING 1: On the basis of the data presented, the Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of pectins and a reduction of post-prandial glycemic responses. The Panel considers that, in order to bear the claim, foods should provide at least 10g of pectins per meal.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2: The effect of pectins(a water-soluble fiber) on the post-prandial blood glucose concentrations is partly related to a decreased rate of diffusion of available carbohydrates to the absorptive mucosal surface partially due to a delay in gastric emptying.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3: Five of the studies showed significant reductions in postprandial blood glucose responses after consumption of pectin-containing foods or meals (Jenkins et al., 1977, 1978; Gold et al., 1980; Sahi et al., 1985; Bolton et al., 1981). In three of the studies postprandial insulin responses were significantly lower with the pectin-food or meal (Jenkins et al., 1977, 1978; Bolton et al., 1981).
The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber(e.g. pectin). Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote a healthy.
Observational studies generally observe that higher fiber Such as fruit pectin can have significant beneficial effects on glycemic control by reducing mean fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Two meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with diabetes estimated that fiber-rich diets increased by a mean of 18 g fiber/day and/or by 3–15 g of viscous soluble fiber supplementation,2
such as fruit pectin, can have significant beneficial effects on glycemic control by reducing mean fasting blood glucose levels by 10–15 mg/dL and HbA1c by 0.26–0.55 mg/dL compared to a control over 3–24 weeks.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Observational studies generally observe that higher fiber containing fruits are associated with lower diabetes risk and better control of diabetes risk biomarkers such as HOMA-IR, HbA1c and fasting insulin, and lower risk of diabetic retinopathy
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Fruit fiber intake reduces metabolic syndrome risk by a number of mechanisms including:
(2) Promoting colonic microbiota health and diversity associated with higher
SCFAs levels, reduced risk of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia.
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
The bulking and soluble, viscous fibers from both fresh and dried fruits help to attenuate postprandial insulin responses to protect against the risk of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction and senescence, major factors in developing diabetes
IMPORTANT FINDING 5:
In recent years, fiber’s role in promoting and maintaining colonic microbiota health has been shown to have a critical effect on alleviating risk of and in management of diabetes. A 2018 RCT found that when fiber dependent-SCFA producing bacteria were present with greater diversity and abundance in the microbiota, the subjects had lower HbA1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production increased fiber intake, beneficial microflora and SCFAs are protective against T-cell infiltration into pancreatic β-cells
IMPORTANT FINDING 6:
Also, women with high soluble fiber intake had a 48% lower risk of insulin resistance vs. women with low soluble fiber intake. A cross-sectional analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study observed that fruit fiber intake was inversely associated with HbA1c concentrations (p-trend < 0.03).
IMPORTANT FINDING 7:
A 2017 meta-analysis (8 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies; 28,241 participants) observed a curvilinear relationship between fiber consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Fiber intake levels including fruit fiber were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome with 30–40 g fiber/day lowering risk by27%.
IMPORTANT FINDING 8:
The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (1582 adults; 3-years) observed that fruit fiber provided the best protection against metabolic syndrome compared to other fiber sources. Risk of metabolic syndrome was reduced by 6% for each 1 g of fruit fiber intake per 1000 kcals.
IMPORTANT FINDING 9:
The Australian Longitudinal Study(3607 young women; 12 years) observed that women in the highest quartile of fiber intake had a 33% lower risk of developing gestational diabetes (p = 0.05) . Higher fruit intake, especially fiber rich and low GI varieties, reduced gestational diabetes risk by 5% per 50 g/day whereas cereal intake may increase gestational diabetes risk by 5% per 20 g/day, especially high GI and low fiber sources
Link: https://propectinlife.com/wp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf
This study is to examine the role of butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the large intestine, in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet.
IMPORTANT FINDING:
Supplementation of butyrate led to an increase in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in adiposity.
On the high-fat diet, supplementation of butyrate prevented development of insulin resistance and obesity in C57BL/6 mice.
Adaptive thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were enhanced.
Dietary supplementation of butyrate can prevent and treat diet-induced insulin resistance in mouse. The mechanism of butyrate action is related to promotion of energy expenditure and induction of mitochondria function.
Link: https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/58/7/1509
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are organic fatty acids produced in the distal gut by bacterial fermentation of macro fibrous material that might improve type 2 diabetes features. Their main beneficial activities were identified in the decrease of serum levels of glucose, insulin resistance as well as inflammation, and increase in protective Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. In this review, we updated evidence on the effects of SCFAs potentially improving metabolic control in type 2 diabetes.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
SCFAs (e.g. butyrate) reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue and weaken leukocyte activation. These anti-inflammatory effects improve insulin resistance, tissue glucose uptake, and blood glucose levels.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
SCFAs (butyrate) improve metabolic functions in T2D (including the control of blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and GLP-1 secretion).
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
SCFAs (butyrate) were shown to affect pancreatic beta-cell function by directly acting as HDAC inhibitors or by indirectly increasing GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine L-cells (leading to insulin release).
There have been many reports concerning the role of dietary fiber in lowering postprandial serum glucose, and the main mechanism was regarded as the viscosity of different dietary fibers in hampering diffusion of glucose and postponing absorption and digestion of carbohydrates.
The results showed that these dietary fibers lowered postprandial serum glucose levels at least by three mechanisms.
IMPORTANT FINDING
1: Dietary fibers increase the viscosity of small intestine juice and hinder diffusion of glucose;
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Dietary fibers bind glucose and decrease the concentration of available glucose in the small intestine;
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Dietary fibers retard alpha-amylase action through capsuling starch and the enzyme which might directly inhibit the enzyme. All of these decreased the absorption rate of glucose and the concentration of postprandial serum glucose.
The purpose of this study is to follow the effect of ProPectin on volunteers with different blood levels of glucose and cholesterol.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
Combining ProPectin and comprehensive diet regime in the therapy for Diabetes Type 2 will diminish the complications of the disease. ProPectin use leads to reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c, cholesterol and LDL.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Combining ProPectin and a diet regime in the therapy for Diabetes Type 2 leads to a healing effect in human body.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
Based on the conducted study ProPectin can be used for prevention purposes.
Scientific studies have shown that pectin effectively helps control blood sugar levels and insulin levels. Because recently published high quality systematic reviews of the evidence are available we provided these, along with a selection of the research studies.
蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)擁有 「推遲胃部排空」特質,進入腸胃後吸收水份形成凝膠狀。當與其他食物混合後,能於胃部停留更長時間,減緩食物從胃至腸道的行進速度。
同時,凝膠狀形成能增加腸粘膜層的厚度,延緩碳水化合物分解及吸收,直接減少腸對葡萄糖的吸收,減慢葡萄糖向血液中的釋放,有助於穩定飯後血糖。
另外,蘋果果膠被大腸的細菌轉化丁酸鹽後,增加胰島素敏感性,有助穩定血糖水平。
The aim of this study is to quantify the chelation effect of ProPectin on selected heavy metals, known as toxic for human health.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
VitaPro ProPectin chelates Pb, Cd, Sn and Hg and so prevent their diffusion through the 3 kDa UF membrane. The chelating properties range up to 700% of the maximum daily dose for toxic metals.
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Extrapolated to real human digestion, it means that VitaPro ProPectin significantly decrease Pb, Cd, Sn and Hg absorption during stomach and early intestinal phases of the digestion. So, these toxic metals are not transferred to blood circulation at this stage of digestion, preventing their potentially detrimental effects.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
One serving per day of VitaPro ProPectin can prevent the absorption of:
-7 times the maximum daily dose for lead (Pb)
-2 times the maximum daily dose for cadmium (Cd)
-6 times the maximum daily dose for tin (Sn)
-2 times the maximum daily dose for mercury (Hg)
https://propectinlife.com/wp-content/uploads/f1f266_1a1fb30b5f9a4feca2cb7f62f5dde4e8.pdf
The radioactive fallout after the explosion of the Chernobyl power plant in the Ukraine, (April 26, 1986) exposed 23% of the territory of the neighbouring country, Belarus, to a 137Cs contamination of over 1 Curie per square km (>37 000 Bq/m2). About 2 million people, among them 500 000 children, live in this area, contaminated principally with 137Cs and 90Sr. Apple-pectin reduced the 137Cs-load in the organism of “Chernobyl” children.
IMPORTANT FINDING:
The average reduction of the 137Cs levels in children receiving oral pectin powder was 62.6%.
Twenty-two years after the Chernobyl releases the 11-year experience of the BELRAD Institute shows that for effective radiation protection it is necessary to establish the interference level for children at 30% of the official dangerous limit (i.e., 15–20 Bq/kg). The direct whole body counting measurements of Cs-137 accumulation is in the bodies of inhabitants of the heavily contaminated individuals.
From 1996 to 2007 a total of more than 160,000 Belarusian children received pectin food additives during 18 to 25 days of treatment (5 g twice a day). As a result, levels of Cs-137 in children’s organs decreased after each course of pectin additives by an average of 30 to 40%.
IMPORTANT FINDING 1:
In June–July 2001 BELRAD together with the association “Children of Chernobyl of Belarus” (France) in the Silver Springs sanatorium (Svetlogorsk City, Gomel Province) conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind study of 615 children with internal contamination who were treated with Vitapect (5 g twice a day) for a 3- week period. In children taking the Vitapect (together with clean food) Cs-137 levels were lowered much more effectively (63.6%) than in the control group (13.9%), who had clean food combined with a placebo
IMPORTANT FINDING 2:
Research and development by the Ukrainian Centre of Radiation Medicine (Porokhnyak-Ganovska, n1998) and the Belarusian Institute of Radiation Medicine and Endocrinology (Gres’ et al., 1997) have led to the conclusion that adding pectin preparations to the food of inhabitants of the Chernobyl-contaminated regions promotes an effective excretion of incorporated radionuclides.
Health Benefit:Helps your body detoxify
Apple pectin is a water-soluble fiber, which contains high D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid has strong viscosity and adsorption, and is a natural chelating component. Natural chelation occurs when the anions (-) of Apple pectin combines with the cations (+) of heavy metals and radiation in your blood and cells. In other words, pectin can protect you by removing these toxins from your body through this natural chelation. ProPectin (Apple pectin) is a water-soluble nano-powder, refined by six patented technologies developed by scientists in order to speed up and ensure complete absorption by the body, and can directly enter the blood.
Health Benefit:Helps your body detoxify
Apple pectin is a water-soluble fiber, which contains high D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid has strong viscosity and adsorption, and is a natural chelating component. Natural chelation occurs when the anions (-) of Apple pectin combines with the cations (+) of heavy metals and radiation in your blood and cells. In other words, pectin can protect you by removing these toxins from your body through this natural chelation. ProPectin (Apple pectin) is a water-soluble nano-powder, refined by six patented technologies developed by scientists in order to speed up and ensure complete absorption by the body, and can directly enter the blood.
IMPORTANT FINDING 3:
In 1981, based on 2-year clinical tests, the Joint Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on Food Additives declared the pectinaceous enterosorbents effective and harmless for everyday use (WHO, 1981).
IMPORTANT FINDING 4:
In Ukraine and Belarus various pectin based preparations have been studied as agents to promote the excretion of incorporated radionuclides (Gres’, 1997; Ostapenko, 2002; Ukrainian Institute, 1997). The product based on the pectin from an aquatic plant (Zostera), known commercially as Zosterin-Ultra.
Zosterin-Ultra in liquid form for oral administration was approved by the Ukrainian Ministry of Health (1998) and the Russian Ministry of Health (1999) as a biologically active (or therapeutic) food additive endowed with enterosorption and hemosorption properties.
蘋果果膠是存在於蘋果皮下與果肉中的纖維,是一種可溶性纖維,含高D-半乳糖醛酸,具强力粘性和吸附性、是天然螯合功能的成份。蘋果果膠帶有陰離子(-),能與帶有陽離子(+)的輻射及重金屬結合,產生天然的螯合作用並排出體外。為了加快及確保被人體完全吸收,柏沛樂蘋果果膠經科學家研發出六道專利技術,提煉成水溶性的納米粉末,才可直接滲入血液,更有效地螯合血液中的重金屬毒素,加強排毒的效果。
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