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科研

背后

苹果果胶科研

排出重金属

A苹果果胶是存在于苹果皮下与果肉中的纤维，是一种可溶性纤维，含高D-半乳糖醛酸，具强力粘性和吸附性、是天然螯合功能的成份 ……了解更多

科研报告显示出，果胶通过自然螯合作用有效地将体内的重金属排出。

报告1 : 了解更多

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报告3 : 了解更多

改善血糖健康

Soluble fiber is well-苹果果胶(水溶性纤维)拥有「推迟胃部排空」特质，进入肠胃后吸收水份形成凝胶状。当与其他食物混合后，能于胃部停留更长时间，减缓食物从胃至肠道的行进速度 ……了解更多

科研报告指出，果胶可以有效地帮助控制血糖水平和胰岛素水平。因为可以使用最近发表的高质量的证据系统评价，所以我们提供了这些证据以及一些研究报告。

系统综述 1 : 了解更多

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报告1 : 了解更多

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心脏健康

降低胆固醇

柏沛乐苹果果胶作为水溶性纤维，能与结肠中与胆汁酸结合，当胆汁酸减少，并增加了胆汁酸对胆固醇的合成，从而降低了血液中的胆固醇。

降低血压

血液中的胆固醇降低，使LDL胆固醇的产生亦减少，避免沉积动脉壁上，易被氧化而产生阻塞性斑块的机会下降，预防造成动脉粥样硬化，从而改善血压水平。

科研报告指出，果胶可有效地增加胆固醇中胆汁酸的合成，从而降低血液中胆固醇的浓度。降低血液中的胆固醇可降低LDL胆固醇的产生，预防动脉粥样硬化并改善血压水平

系统综述 1 : 了解更多

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报告1 : 了解更多

报告2 : 了解更多

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肠道健康

蘋果果膠(水溶性纖維)是益生元，能激活腸道益生菌增殖，幫助製造維生素及分解食物，抑制有害細菌的生長，增強人體免疫力 …了解更多

科研报告指出，果胶可以有效改善肠道的整体健康状况，例如便秘和腹泻。还有科学证据表明，果胶可以促进胃排空，这可能与体重控制和消化有关。当苹果果胶被大肠中的细菌转化为丁酸时，它可以消除体内的炎症。

系统综述 1 : 了解更多

报告1 : 了解更多

强大的丁酸盐

苹果果胶被大肠的细菌转化成丁酸盐，抑制大脑星形细胞分泌组蛋白去乙醯酶（HDAC），担当组蛋白去乙醯酶抑制剂（HDAC抑制剂）…了解更多

科研报告指出，果胶可以通过大肠中的细菌转化为丁酸酯，从而可以有效消除体内的炎症，例如湿疹，关节炎等 …了解更多

系统综述 1 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告1 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告2 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告3 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告4 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告5 : 了解更多

HDACi 报告6 : 了解更多

BDNF & GDNF 报告7: 了解更多

BDNF & GDNF 报告8: 了解更多

三通科研

Clinical studies have shown that type III collagen and Tricholoma matsutake can effectively have a powerful function of promoting immune function and heart health…Read More

The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China…Read More

Study 1 : Read More

Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and…Read More

Study 2 : Read More

Tricholoma matsutake can be used as a functional food to help prevent…Read More

Study 3 : Read More

To investigate the anti-microorganism, anti-tumor, and immune activities of…Read More

Study 4 : Read More

强骨肽科研

Clinical studies have shown that type II collagen and amino acid calcium chelator can effectively relieve or reduce pain, increase joint flexibility and reduce joint…Read More

The use of crocodile product as a medicine is also well recognized in China…Read More

Study 1 : Read More

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and bioavailability of….Read More

Study 2 : Read More

Oral administration of cartilage-derived type II collagen (CII) has been shown…Read More

Study 3 : Read More

CCII is effective in the treatment of RA and is safe for human consumption…Read More

Study 4 : Read More

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of undenatured native chicken…Read More

Study 5 : Read More

This was the first clinical trial of 24-weeks duration to show improvement of…Read More

Study 6 : Read More

Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers…Read More

Study 7 : Read More

The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides…Read More

Study 8 : Read More

Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training…Read More

Study 9 : Read More

The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of…Read More

Study 10 : Read More

Collagen peptides improve knee osteoarthritis in elderly women…Read More

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【苹果果胶】改善阿兹海默症 | 脑雾

2023-05-11

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Increasing evidence suggests that neurotrophic factors may be an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective and progressive death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Neurotrophic factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are a class of potentially neuroprotective compounds that have restorative effects on DA neurons.

In addition, neurotrophic factors have also been implicated for the treatment of mood disorders. Chronic antidepressant treatment in animal models has been shown to induce both the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activation of its receptor signaling pathways, which are critical for antidepressant efficacy.

One of the major functions of astrocytes is the production of a host of neurotrophic factors, including GDNF and BDNF, which support neuronal development, plasticity and survival. Exogenous GDNF and BDNF prominently protect DA neurons from both natural and induced cell death. Moreover, decreased production of neurotrophic factors including BDNF have been implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

To investigate the role of HDAC inhibition in dopaminergic (DA) neuroprotection, sodium butyrate (SB) and TSA were tested in neuron-glia cultures in the presence and absence of the DA neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Recently, it was also reported that SB induces antidepressant-like effects in mice following chronic administration. In the present study, we show for the first time that HDAC inhibitors (e.g. sodium butyrate) induce BDNF and GDNF production in astrocyte cultures, suggesting that histone acetylation also regulates BDNF and GDNF expression in astrocytes.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Present study demonstrated that sodium butyrate (SB) which is HDAC inhibitor structurally similar to valproic acid (VPA) promote dopaminergic (DA) neuronal survival and protect DA neurons from MPP+ in neuron-glia cultures.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

In addition, optimal concentrations of sodium butyrate (SB), VPA and TSA for inducing the neurotrophic and protective effects on DA neurons were shown to induce significant increases in GDNF and BDNF mRNA in enriched astrocytes

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Taken together, this study indicates that HDAC inhibition (e.g. sodium butyrate) regulates the expression of growth factors from and the neuroprotective characteristics of astrocytes.

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579941/

Chronic lung disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis, all exhibit a component of intestinal disease manifestation (1–3). In addition, respiratory viral infections are often accompanied by intestinal symptoms (4, 5).It has also been shown that the intestinal microenvironment changes in the course of several different lung diseases, including shifts in the composition of the intestinal microbiota (6–8). This indicates that there is a vital cross-talk between these two mucosal sites of the human body. In this review, we discuss the changes in intestinal microbial composition associated with respiratory disease. We also highlight factors that shape the intestinal microbiota and their impact on pulmonary health and disease.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Changes in the composition of the intestinal and airway microbiota are associated with chronic lung disorders and respiratory infections. The modifications observed in these two microbial compartments seem to overlap, at least partly, and factors including diet have recently been shown to not only shape the intestinal microbiota, but also impact upon the airway microbiota.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Moreover, these diet-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome were found to be beneficial within the context of asthma (28). Clearly, there is an important cross-talk between the two compartments

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

In recent years, it has become more evident that the intestine can play a critical role in directing immune responses outside the local environment, including the lung. This may be achieved by the systemic dissemination of metabolites, as has been shown for SCFAs. These metabolites are produced in the colon, but can reach other organs via the bloodstream, where they can exert their anti-inflammatory properties. Another possibility would be direct seeding of bacteria from the intestinal microbiota into the airways. These bacteria could then act on local immune cells to shape their responses

Link: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-133AW

Burn injury is an important global healthcare problem. The lungs are frequently the first organs to fail after burns, and ALI always develops in major burn patients, even in the absence of inhalation injury and infection. Moreover, impairment of pulmonary functions, such as inflammatory response and severe hypoxemia, damages other organs and tissues and, thus, contributes to the progressive development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In the present study, we found that in vivo sodium butyrate administration inhibited pulmonary HMGB1 expression, decreased the lung W/D ratio, reduced the pulmonary histologic scores, and improved the pathologic changes.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Treatment with sodium butyrate, an HMGB1 inhibitor, decreased the TNF-α and IL-8 concentrations both in the BALF and in the serum, and attenuated burn-mediated lung injury.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

In the current study, pulmonary MPO activity was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration into lung tissues. As a result, MPO activity was significantly increased after severe burn injury, which was abolished by the administration of sodium butyrate. These findings suggest that sodium butyrate lessen the infiltration of neutrophils into pulmonary tissues, which are attributed to the prevention of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-8 productions.

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

The present study, the cellular injury caused by the release of ROS because of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress was estimated in terms of the MDA concentrations in lung homogenates of rats subjected to burn injury and delayed resuscitation. We found that the MDA concentration in the lung tissues increased significantly after severe burn and delayed resuscitation, which was evidently reduced by sodium butyrate treatment.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

In summary, sodium butyrate attenuates inflammatory responses, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress in the lungs, and protects against remote ALI induced by severe burn, which is associated with inhibiting HMGB1 expression.

Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068786

The cells orchestrate allergic lung inflammation by promoting recruitment and activation of eosinophils and mast cells, and by stimulating epithelial mucus production, which is known to be mainly dependent on IL-9. These cells share developmental pathways with induced regulatory T cells that may determine the generation of one over the other subset. In fact, the FOXP3 transcription factor has been shown to bind il9 locus and repress IL-9 production. The microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate have been described as FOXP3 inducers and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

SCFAs(Butyrate) would have a protective role in lung inflammation by negatively modulating differentiation and function of Th9 cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate is more effective than propionate in promoting FOXP3 expression and IL-9 repression.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Butyrate treatment attenuated lung inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice, which presented lower frequency of lung-infiltrated Th9 cells and eosinophils. Both Th9 cell adoptive transfer and IL-9 treatment restored lung inflammation in butyrate-treated OVA-challenged mice, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may rely on suppressing Th9-mediated immune responses

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Butyrate treatment attenuates lung inflammation by negatively modulating Th9 cells

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

Microbiota metabolism of dietary fibers and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) has been considered a major mechanism by which microorganisms control airway inflammation.

IMPORTANT FINDING 5:

SCFAs directly modulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Tregs by promoting FOXP3 expression, which has been shown to impair IL-9 production.

IMPORTANT FINDING 6: Our findings bring new insights on the mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites regulate diseases, suggesting that butyrate attenuates lung inflammation most likely through a negative modulation of Th9 cell-mediated immune responses.

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30761137

The intestine is a critical site of immune cell development that not only controls intestinal immunity but extra-intestinal immunity as well. Recent findings have highlighted important roles for gut microbiota in shaping lung inflammation. Here, we discuss interactions between the microbiota and immune system including T cells, protective effects of microbiota on lung infections, the role of diet in shaping the composition of gut micro-biota and susceptibility to asthma, epidemiologic evidence implicating antibiotic use and microbiota in asthma and clinical trials investigating probiotics as potential treatments for atopy and asthma. The systemic effects of gut microbiota are partially attributed to their generating metabolites including short chain fatty acids, which can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors.

In this review, we introduce the role of gut microbiota on intestinal immunity and lung infections, highlight human evidence supporting protective roles for the gut micro-biome in asthma, discuss dietary factors that may contribute to disease and review mechanistic data from pre-clinical animal models on how gut microbes regulate lung inflammation.

For instance, GPR41 and GPR43 have been shown to inhibit immune cell recruitment to the intestine and lungs.

Gut bacteria help to protect against pathogenic infections through competition, antimicrobial peptide secretion, innate immune cell stimulation, lymphoid tissue development, antibody production and T cell differentiation

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Overall, these findings demonstrate a critical role for gut microbes in pulmonary host defense, and suggest that tonic signaling of pattern recognition receptors by microbial products in the steady state may also contribute to chronic lower respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Findings suggest that dietary-induced changes in microbiota regulate lung inflammation. Protection in this model was associated with increased colonic Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, suggesting that a high fiber diet may mitigate airway inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Microbial changes induced by a high fiber diet increase serum levels of SCFAs (e.g. butyrate), resulting in the suppression of AAI.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

A diverse gut microbiota helps to suppress AAI, and age-sensitive contact with microbiota may be critical for establishing NKT tolerance to later environmental expo

IMPORTANT FINDING 5:

Colonization with fewer bacteria species during the first month of life was found to correlate with an asthma diagnosis at age 7. Microbial colonization during a developmental window early in life protects against childhood asthma.

IMPORTANT FINDING 6:

Our gut microbiota is part of a complex ecosystem that regulates systemic inflammation in addition to other vital processes

IMPORTANT FINDING 7:

The increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes species in response to high fiber diets will increase the production of SCFAs that suppress inflammation by activating GPR40–4

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5762407/

In this review, we will focus on the short chain fatty acid (SCFA), butyrate, which is most commonly produced by bacteria in the colon, and its role as a potential therapeutic for neurological diseases. Butyrate is an attractive therapeutic molecule because of its wide array of biological functions, such as its ability to serve as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, an energy metabolite to produce ATP and a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activator. Pharmacologically, butyrate has had a profoundly beneficial effect on brain disorders ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to psychological disorders. In this review, we will discuss how butyrate is made and the pharmacological effects of butyrate in neurological disorders. Finally, we will summarize the current evidence that high fiber, butyrate-producing diets are capable of improving the health of our brains.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Butyrate is multi-functional molecule that has significant potential as a therapeutic for the brain, both in its pharmacologic and dietary form.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

The dietary sources of butyrate through a high fiber diet or a diet rich in natural sources of butyrate is a highly appealing approach, as it presents a simple and relatively low risk method to potentially improve outcomes in patients with brain disorders

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Pharmacologically, butyrate is capable of targeting many pathways with multiple mechanisms of action that are disease specific.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

Several studies have examined the beneficial effects of a high fiber diet on memory and cognition. In these studies the diet and/or microbiome are manipulated to enhance brain function. For example, children on a high fiber diet demonstrate better cognitive control (e.g. multitasking, working memory and maintaining focus) than children who typically ate a lower fiber diet

Link : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4903954/

Carcinogen

Fiber (e.g. Pectin) is the primary dietary component of whole plant foods associated with promoting a healthy colonic microbiota which aids in reducing tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses insusceptible individuals.

The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber（e.g. pectin）. Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote health.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

The 2007 and 2011World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reports showed convincing meta-analyses evidence that fiber, fruit and vegetables are inversely associated with CRC risk

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

he Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (27,931 participants) observed high intakes of total fiber, and fruits and berries significantly lowered risk for colon cancer by approximately 30%compared to no lowering effects for vegetables and fiber rich cereals, which is consistent with a2018 systematic review and meta-analysis (25 observational studies) observation that higher total fiber intake reduced colon cancer risk by 26% (p = 0.000)

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Meta-analysis of 20 observational studies2 and another meta-analysis of 5 cohort and 17 case-control studies showed that each 10-g fruit fiber and high fruit intake reduced adenoma risk by 21% compared to a reduced risk of 9% for vegetables.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

Fiber is the primary dietary component of whole plant foods associated with promoting a healthy colonic microbiota which aids in reducing tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses insusceptible individuals

Psychological / Emotions / Depression

SCFAs such as butyrate and propionate directly affect brain physiology and behavior by acting on microglial cells and astrocytes to promote anti-inflammatory action and manage overall brain maintenance by scavenging for damaged or unnecessary neurons and synapses, and infectious agents.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Emerging evidence suggests that higher daily intake of fiber-rich fruit and vegetable servings are associated with lower incidences of anxiety, greater happiness, higher life satisfaction, and greater social-emotional well-being.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Emerging observational studies suggest that higher fruit and fiber intake are associated with lower risk of depression, anxiety, and high psychological distress.

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

A NHANES study of 2007 to 2014 data (16,807 adults) observed that total, vegetable, and fruit fiber intakes were significantly associated with an approximately 40% lower risk of depressive symptoms, whereas the association of cereal fiber intake with depressive symptoms was insignificant with a 10% lower risk

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Increased fruit fiber such as pectin intake has been suggested to correct gastrointestinal abnormality and promote microbial health to potentially enhance gut-brain communication and potentially reduce the ASD symptoms.

A 2018 intervention trial (41autistic children; 75% male; mean age 8 years old; 6 weeks) showed that supplementation of the diet with a prebiotic resulted in significant improvement in anti-social behavior and gastrointestinal and microbiota health relative to baseline diets

Bone

Adequate intake of whole fruit and fruit fiber has been associated with increased bone mineral density, especially the attainment of peak bone mass during adolescence and minimized bone resorption among postmenopausal women.

Diets rich in prebiotic fiber such as fruit pectin can improve calcium absorption and inhibit osteoclast bone resorption, while maintaining osteoblast bone formation activity.

Specifically, three mechanisms are occurring:

(1) Calcium is an important component of fruit cell walls for structure and function and the fermentation of fiber in the colon releases bound calcium for absorption

(2) Fiber fermentation SCFA (Butyrate) metabolites propionate and butyrate induce metabolic reprogramming of osteoclasts by down regulating critical osteoclast genes.

(3) Increased SCFAs (Butyrate) lower colonic pH to enhance calcium absorption

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

A 2018 Framingham Offspring Study (792 men, mean age 58 years; 1065women; mean age 57 years; 8 years follow-up) observed significantly reduced annualized loss of femoral neck bone mineral density (predictive of hip fracture risk) per 5 g/day total fiber by 0.06% or fruit fiber by 0.04%.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

A 2012 Chinese cross-sectional study (adolescent boys and girls, young women and postmenopausal women) observed that there was a significant positive association between higher fruit intake and bone mineral density for all participants combined (p-trend <0.001 to 0.002) in total body and lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck regions vs. lower fruit intake

Skin

Since colonic microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with chronic inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic3 dermatitis and psoriasis.

IMPORTANT FINDING :
The beneficial effect of increased fruit intake on seborrheic dermatitis may be partially due to the prebiotic effects of fruit fibers such as pectin, which promote a healthy colonic microbiota associated with lower systemic inflammation and better immune function

Aging

Successful aging is associated with being free of excessive progressive deterioration of physical and mental functions and chronic disease; having good mental, physical and respiratory health, and functional independence.

Emerging fiber mechanisms associated with successful aging include:

(1) Enhancing the colonic probiotic microflora profile and production of SCFAs;

(2) Improving the colonic barrier function to protect against clinical inflammation

(3) Increasing colonic peptides that are important in glucose and insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism

(4) Mimicking many of the effects of caloric restriction including up regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

A 2018 NHANES analysis (5674 adults) found that fiber intake of 10 g per 1000 kcal increased leukocyte telomere length by 67 base pairs (p = 0.01), which reduced biologic (cellular)aging by 4.3 years compared to the low fiber Western diets of 6.6 g fiber per 1000 kcal.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

The Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort study observed that the intake of whole fruit up-regulated epigenetic gene function for immunosurveillance, and chromosome and telomere maintenance pathways, attributed to the effects of fruit fiber on colonic microbiota health.

Lung

Adequate fruit fiber (e.g. Pectin) intake promotes healthy lung immune function via the colonic microbiota-liver-lung axis, which affects systemic inflammatory cytokines and immune mediators (notably, IL-6 and CRP)

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

A meta-analysis (2 RCTs; 249children; age range 2–5 years) found that prebiotic fiber reduced the risk of asthma or wheezing by63% when compared to the control group [309]. Adequate intake of whole fruits is associated with reduced severity of asthma in children and adults through fruit fiber effects linked to a healthier colonic microbiome that actively suppresses the severity of airway inflammatory restrictions.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

A 2016 NHANES analysis (1921 adults) observed that participants with higher fiber intake had healthier mean forced expiratory volume by 82 mL/s and forced vital capacity by 129 mL/s, than those with lower fiber intake (p = 0.05 and 0.01), which is consistent with the consumption of higher vs. lower fruit intake

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Fruit fiber reduced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) risk in smokers by 35% (p-trend = 0.001) and in ex-smokers by 23% (p-trend = 0.17).

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

Adequate fruit fiber intake promotes healthy lung immune function via the colonic microbiota-liver-lung axis, which affects systemic inflammatory cytokines and immune mediators (notably, IL-6 and CRP).

IMPORTANT FINDING 5:

A 2018 meta-analysis showed that higher fruit intake was associated with increased colonic microbiota SCFAs levels which suppressed asthma airway restrictions by helping to lower levels of CRP, TNF-α, and mast cell, and increasing γδ-T cell and T cell numbers.;

IMPORTANT FINDING 6:

Individuals with severe persistent asthma often have a high adherence to the Western diet and consume significantly less fruit fiber compared to healthy controls, which is partly associated with the increased colonic microbiota dysbiosis and lung axis effects associated with increased airway inflammation and adverse immune response reducing breathing capacity of the lungs.

Link: https://propectinlife.comwp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf

The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber（e.g. pectin）. Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote health.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

A RCT (80 Chinese adults with slow-transit constipation) found that pectin significantly reduced mean constipation score and increased the population of colonic healthy microflora. The viscous, low to moderate fermentable soluble fiber in whole fruits can effectively relieve constipation symptoms.

Although short chain highly fermentable prebiotic supplements should be restricted to avoid the risk of a rapid increase in gas, bloating/distension, and abdominal pain/discomfort, the consumption of long-chain or complex, soluble and more slowly fermentable, butyrate producing fibers, such as fruit pectin may have a role in helping to control IBS symptoms

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Increased butyrate levels are used as the main energy source by colonocytes to maintain the colonic protective barrier and in lowering colonic luminal pH to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Overall, these studies find that fruit fiber, especially pectin, can help re-balance the colonic microbiota towards a higher anti-inflammatory profile.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

Increasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium cluster XIV, resulting in enhanced colonic mucosal barrier integrity and function, increased mucosal immunity, increased butyrate production, and a decrease in enteric pathogens

IMPORTANT FINDING 5:

Supporting certain Faecali bacterium prausnitzii strains in utilizing the fermentation of pectin to exert anti-inflammatory effects [31,32,33,43,44,45,46,47,48]. Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote a healthy, anti-inflammatory colonic microbiota ecosystem with greater microflora diversity than inulin.

IMPORTANT FINDING 6:

A Chinese RCT (IBS diarrhea) found that pectin significantly increased Bifidobacteria; Crohn’s Disease (CD) decreased total Clostridium sp (p < 0.05), reduced IBS symptoms, normalized cytokine levels, and improved Bristol stool scale score and quality of life assessments.

IMPORTANT FINDING 7:

The adequate intake of prebiotic fiber can increase colonic butyrate to levels needed to maintain the mucosal barrier function to protect against IBD inflammatory pathogenesis

IMPORTANT FINDING 8:

A 2018 systematic review concluded that the intake of adequate fiber after an acute episode of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease can reduce the risk of future flare-ups. Adequate fruit and fiber intake appear to be effective in reducing diverticular disease risk and flare-ups or complications including hospitalizations.

IMPORTANT FINDING 9:

The Insulin Resistance and 2BMIBMI Fruits and Vegetables Fiber-Rich Diets Atherosclerosis Family Study (339 African American adults and 775 Hispanic American adults; 5-years) observed that each 10 g increase in soluble fiber decreased the accumulation of visceral fat issue by 3.7%.

IMPORTANT FINDING 10:

Systematic review of 14 prospective cohort, case-control and randomized trials found that fiber-rich foods, especially low in energy density, protect against long-term increased weight and waist circumference gain.

IMPORTANT FINDING 11:

An EPIC study (48,631 men and women; 5.5 years) observed that an increased level of fiber intake predicted significantly lowered visceral fat, as measured by waist circumference for a given BMI (WC), in women. In this study each 10 g increase in fiber intake was associated with a lower WC in women by 0.06 cm and in men by 0.01 cm.

IMPORTANT FINDING 12:

An Australian RCT (72 obese subjects; 12-week duration) showed those consuming 31 g fiber significantly reduced body weight, BMI and % body fat compared to a 20-g fiber/day control.

IMPORTANT FINDING 13:

These RCTs support that consumption of fiber-rich diets (>28 g fiber/day) can lead to weight loss and improved body composition compared to a low fiber Western diet (≤ approx. 20 g fiber/day).

IMPORTANT FINDING 14:

2018 review article concluded that higher fiber diets tend to be associated with a healthier microbiome (e.g., microflora richness and biodiversity, and higher SCFAs production), which are associated with a lower risk of obesity. Acetate is considered moderately obesogenic, whereas butyrate and propionate are mainly anti-obesogenic.

IMPORTANT FINDING 15:

Also, experimental studies suggest that butyrate may affect energy metabolism indirectly, acting through the gut-brain axis by crossing the blood-brain barrier and activating the vagus2

Energy Density (ED) Satiety and Energy Intake nerve and hypothalamus to affect appetite and energy intake.

IMPORTANT FINDING 16:

A systematic review of RCTs on satiety, acute energy intake, total energy intake and body weight found that more viscous or gelling fibers (e.g., pectins, β-glucans and guar gum) reduced appetite more often than less viscous fibers (59% vs. 14%) and lowered acute energy intake (69% vs.30%).

IMPORTANT FINDING 17:

Pectin, RCTs show that ≥5 g of fruit pectin added to orange juice significantly increased satiety and reduced ice cream intake 4 h later (p < 0.001), and 10 g pectin modestly but significantly lowered hunger, increased fullness, and reduced energy intake by 5.6% (p = 0.012)compared with the 10 g gelatin and starch control.

IMPORTANT FINDING 18:

The intake of greater than 5 g of fruit fiber from cell wall components or resistant starch can help to increase satiety, and reduce hunger and energy intake in a subsequent meal.

IMPORTANT FINDING 19:

A 1978 RCT (6 normal healthy male subjects; isocaloric diets; 5 to 8 days) found that fecal macronutrient energy loss on a low-fiber diet was less than half of that observed on a high-fiber diet. The consumption of >25 g fiber/day can lead to the excretion of 3–4% of macronutrient energy in the feces, which is equivalent to 80 kcals in a2000-kcal diet.

Link: https://propectinlife.com/wp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf

The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine emerging prebiotic and other health effects associated the intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber（e.g. pectin）. Pectin is a major fruit prebiotic that has been extensively studied and shown to promote a healthy.

Observational studies generally observe that higher fiber Such as fruit pectin can have significant beneficial effects on glycemic control by reducing mean fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

Two meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with diabetes estimated that fiber-rich diets increased by a mean of 18 g fiber/day and/or by 3–15 g of viscous soluble fiber supplementation,2

such as fruit pectin, can have significant beneficial effects on glycemic control by reducing mean fasting blood glucose levels by 10–15 mg/dL and HbA1c by 0.26–0.55 mg/dL compared to a control over 3–24 weeks.

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Observational studies generally observe that higher fiber containing fruits are associated with lower diabetes risk and better control of diabetes risk biomarkers such as HOMA-IR, HbA1c and fasting insulin, and lower risk of diabetic retinopathy

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

Fruit fiber intake reduces metabolic syndrome risk by a number of mechanisms including:

Reducing the risk of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation

(2) Promoting colonic microbiota health and diversity associated with higher

SCFAs levels, reduced risk of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia.

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

The bulking and soluble, viscous fibers from both fresh and dried fruits help to attenuate postprandial insulin responses to protect against the risk of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction and senescence, major factors in developing diabetes

IMPORTANT FINDING 5:

In recent years, fiber’s role in promoting and maintaining colonic microbiota health has been shown to have a critical effect on alleviating risk of and in management of diabetes. A 2018 RCT found that when fiber dependent-SCFA producing bacteria were present with greater diversity and abundance in the microbiota, the subjects had lower HbA1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production increased fiber intake, beneficial microflora and SCFAs are protective against T-cell infiltration into pancreatic β-cells

IMPORTANT FINDING 6:

Also, women with high soluble fiber intake had a 48% lower risk of insulin resistance vs. women with low soluble fiber intake. A cross-sectional analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study observed that fruit fiber intake was inversely associated with HbA1c concentrations (p-trend < 0.03).

IMPORTANT FINDING 7:

A 2017 meta-analysis (8 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies; 28,241 participants) observed a curvilinear relationship between fiber consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Fiber intake levels including fruit fiber were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome with 30–40 g fiber/day lowering risk by27%.

IMPORTANT FINDING 8:

The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (1582 adults; 3-years) observed that fruit fiber provided the best protection against metabolic syndrome compared to other fiber sources. Risk of metabolic syndrome was reduced by 6% for each 1 g of fruit fiber intake per 1000 kcals.

IMPORTANT FINDING 9:

The Australian Longitudinal Study(3607 young women; 12 years) observed that women in the highest quartile of fiber intake had a 33% lower risk of developing gestational diabetes (p = 0.05) . Higher fruit intake, especially fiber rich and low GI varieties, reduced gestational diabetes risk by 5% per 50 g/day whereas cereal intake may increase gestational diabetes risk by 5% per 20 g/day, especially high GI and low fiber sources

Link: https://propectinlife.com/wp-content/uploads/Gut-Purification-3-Improve-constipation.pdf

Twenty-two years after the Chernobyl releases the 11-year experience of the BELRAD Institute shows that for effective radiation protection it is necessary to establish the interference level for children at 30% of the official dangerous limit (i.e., 15–20 Bq/kg). The direct whole body counting measurements of Cs-137 accumulation is in the bodies of inhabitants of the heavily contaminated individuals.

From 1996 to 2007 a total of more than 160,000 Belarusian children received pectin food additives during 18 to 25 days of treatment (5 g twice a day). As a result, levels of Cs-137 in children’s organs decreased after each course of pectin additives by an average of 30 to 40%.

IMPORTANT FINDING 1:

In June–July 2001 BELRAD together with the association “Children of Chernobyl of Belarus” (France) in the Silver Springs sanatorium (Svetlogorsk City, Gomel Province) conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind study of 615 children with internal contamination who were treated with Vitapect (5 g twice a day) for a 3- week period. In children taking the Vitapect (together with clean food) Cs-137 levels were lowered much more effectively (63.6%) than in the control group (13.9%), who had clean food combined with a placebo

IMPORTANT FINDING 2:

Research and development by the Ukrainian Centre of Radiation Medicine (Porokhnyak-Ganovska, n1998) and the Belarusian Institute of Radiation Medicine and Endocrinology (Gres’ et al., 1997) have led to the conclusion that adding pectin preparations to the food of inhabitants of the Chernobyl-contaminated regions promotes an effective excretion of incorporated radionuclides.

Health Benefit：Helps your body detoxify

Apple pectin is a water-soluble fiber, which contains high D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid has strong viscosity and adsorption, and is a natural chelating component. Natural chelation occurs when the anions (-) of Apple pectin combines with the cations (+) of heavy metals and radiation in your blood and cells. In other words, pectin can protect you by removing these toxins from your body through this natural chelation. ProPectin (Apple pectin) is a water-soluble nano-powder, refined by six patented technologies developed by scientists in order to speed up and ensure complete absorption by the body, and can directly enter the blood.

Health Benefit：Helps your body detoxify

Apple pectin is a water-soluble fiber, which contains high D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid has strong viscosity and adsorption, and is a natural chelating component. Natural chelation occurs when the anions (-) of Apple pectin combines with the cations (+) of heavy metals and radiation in your blood and cells. In other words, pectin can protect you by removing these toxins from your body through this natural chelation. ProPectin (Apple pectin) is a water-soluble nano-powder, refined by six patented technologies developed by scientists in order to speed up and ensure complete absorption by the body, and can directly enter the blood.

IMPORTANT FINDING 3:

In 1981, based on 2-year clinical tests, the Joint Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on Food Additives declared the pectinaceous enterosorbents effective and harmless for everyday use (WHO, 1981).

IMPORTANT FINDING 4:

In Ukraine and Belarus various pectin based preparations have been studied as agents to promote the excretion of incorporated radionuclides (Gres’, 1997; Ostapenko, 2002; Ukrainian Institute, 1997). The product based on the pectin from an aquatic plant (Zostera), known commercially as Zosterin-Ultra.

Zosterin-Ultra in liquid form for oral administration was approved by the Ukrainian Ministry of Health (1998) and the Russian Ministry of Health (1999) as a biologically active (or therapeutic) food additive endowed with enterosorption and hemosorption properties.

Link：https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002057

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